Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Extracts from Two Combretaceae Found in Burkina Faso: Anogeissus Leiocarpus (DC) Guill. and Perr. And Combretum Glutinosum Perr. Ex DC

摘要

Many studies indicate that Combretaceae species are commonly used in Africa to treat various diseases. Nonetheless, no phytochemical and/or biological activity data are available from species found in Burkina Faso to secure their ethnomedicinal uses. In addition, drugs derived from these species, especially those of the genus Combretum, are sometimes the objects of adulteration by herbalists dealing in large cities of the country.This paper reports the pharmacognostic, phytochemical and biological activity of extracts from two of the most commonly used Combretaceae species found in Burkina Faso: Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill. and Perr. and Combretum glutinosum Perr. ex DC. Through the method of Ciulei, the characterization of the two drugs was made possible, and it was found that the phenolic compounds and flavonoids are the main active ingredients in the methanol extracts. The levels of total phenolic extracts ranged from 49.63 ± 0.21 to 68.27 ± 0.90 EAG/100 mg for Anogeissus leiocarpus and Combretum glutinosum, respectively. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity showed a Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.86 mg/ml for Anogeissus leiocarpus (against Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate) and 1.41 mg/ml for Combretum glutinosum (against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538). TLC analysis provided evidence of the presence of two flavonols, quercitrin and rutin, and gallic acid, all of which are recognized as bioactive compounds. These data were utilized to justify the use of the two species in traditional medicine.