New perspectives in the model of stress response.

摘要

The reactions of human organism to changes of internal orexternal environment termed as stress response have been atthe center of interest during recent decades. Several theorieswere designed to describe the regulatory mechanisms whichmaintain the stability of vital physiological functions underconditions of threat or other environmental challenges. However,most of the models of stress reactivity were focused on specificaspects of the regulatory outcomes – physiological (e.g.neuroendocrine), psychological or behavioral regulation.Recently, a novel complex theory based on evolutionary anddevelopmental biology has been introduced. The AdaptiveCalibration Model of stress response employs a broad range ofthe findings from previous theories of stress and analyzes theresponsivity to stress with respect to interindividual differencesas a consequence of conditional adaptation – the ability to modifydevelopmental trajectory to match the conditions of the socialand physical environment. This review summarizes thecontributions of the most important models in the field of stressresponse and emphasizes the importance of complex analysis ofthe psycho-physiological mechanisms. Moreover, it outlines theimplications for nonpharmacological treatment of stress-relateddisorders with the application of biofeedback training asa promising tool based on voluntary modification ofneurophysiological functions.