Features and genesis of Paleogene high-quality reservoirs in lacustrine mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sediments, central Bohai Sea, China

摘要

The characteristics and formation mechanisms of the mixed siliciclastic–carbonate reservoirs of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the central Bohai Sea were examined based on polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations, X-ray diffractometry, carbon and oxygen stable isotope geochemistry, and integrated fluid inclusion analysis. High-quality reservoirs are mainly distributed in Type I and Type II mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sediments, and the dominant pore types include residual primary intergranular pores and intrafossil pores, feldspar dissolution pores mainly developed in Type II sediments. Type I mixed sediments are characterized by precipitation of early pore-lining dolomite, relatively weak mechanical compaction during deep burial, and the occurrence of abundant oil inclusions in high-quality reservoirs. Microfacies played a critical role in the formation of the mixed reservoirs, and high-quality reservoirs are commonly found in high-energy environments, such as fan delta underwater distributary channels, mouth bars, and submarine uplift beach bars. Abundant intrafossil pores were formed by bioclastic decay, and secondary pores due to feldspar dissolution further enhance reservoir porosity. Mechanical compaction was inhibited by the precipitation of pore-lining dolomite formed during early stage, and oil emplacement has further led to the preservation of good reservoir quality.