>Experimental programs were carried out to investigate the behavior of three-wythe, precast concrete sandwich wall panels. The general flexural behavior of the panels was investigated using lateral load tests of two prototype panels. Information evaluated includes load-deflection behavior, degree of composite action, flexural strength, and horizontal shear of the panels under the action of a uniform pressure over the panel span. Three-wythe panels behaved similarly to a composite panel in terms of service-load deflection, and exhibited ductile flexural behavior under lateral load. Transverse bending in the three-wythe panels at prestressing force transfer caused the test panels to crack. Several approaches to reduce the transverse bending of the three-wythe panels were introduced and verified with prestress transfer tests. Based on the experimental results, recommendations are proposed for the design of three-wythe, precast concrete sandwich wall panels. Three-wythe panels can be designed using current design codes, and a design example of a three-wythe panel is presented in the appendix.>References>1. Lee, B., and S. Pessiki. 2007. target="_blank" title="Design and Analysis of Precast Prestressed Concrete Three-Wythe Sandwich Wall Panels" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.07012007.70.83 ">Design and Analysis of Precast Prestressed Concrete Three-Wythe Sandwich Wall Panels. PCI Journal, V. 52, No. 4 (July-August): pp. 70-83. >2. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). 2003. target="_blank" title="Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. ASCE 7-02" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784406243 ">Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. ASCE 7-02. Reston, VA: ASCE. >3. American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 318. 2005. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-05) and Commentary (ACI 318R-05). Farmington Hills, MI: ACI. >4. PCI. 1977. PCI Manual for Structural Design of Architectural Precast Concrete. 1st ed. Chicago, IL: PCI. >5. ACI Committee 533. 1996. Guide for Precast Concrete Wall Panels. ACI 533-R93. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI. >6. Industry Handbook Committee. 2004. PCI Design Handbook: Precast and Prestressed Concrete. 6th ed. Chicago, IL: PCI.
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