Seismic Design Provisions in U.S. Codes and Standards: A Look Back and Ahead

摘要

style="text-align: left;">The seismic code development process that was in place in the United States for many decades is undergoing dramatic changes. These changes and their possible impact on seismic design provisions for  precast concrete structures in the U.S. model codes are discussed. >References style="text-align: left;">1. BOCA, The BOCA National Building Code, Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Country Club Hills, IL, 1993, 1996, 1999. style="text-align: left;">2. SBCCI, Standard Building Code, Southern Building Code Congress International, Birmingham, AL, 1994, 1997, 2000. style="text-align: left;">3. ICBO, Uniform Building Code, International Conference of Building Officials,Whittier, CA, 1991, 1994, 1997. style="text-align: left;">4. ICC, International Building Code, International Code Council, Falls Church, VA, 2000. style="text-align: left;">5. NFPA, NFPA 5000 Building Code, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, to be published in 2002. style="text-align: left;">6. ASCE, ASCE Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE 7-88, ASCE 7-93, ASCE 7-95, ASCE 7-98  (also ANSI A58-55, ANSI A58.1-72, ANSI A58.l-82), American Society  of Civil Engineers, Washington, DC, 1990, 1993, 1995, and 2000, respectively. style="text-align: left;">7. ACI Committee 318, a€?Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, (ACI 318-99),a€? American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1999. style="text-align: left;">8. Seismology Committee, SEAOC, Recommended Lateral Force Requirements and Commentary, Structural Engineers Association of California, San Francisco (later Sacramento), CA, 1988, 1996,  1999. style="text-align: left;">9. Building Seismic Safety Council, NEHRP, Recommended Pro  visions for the Development of Seismic Regulations for New Buildings (and Other Structures), National Earthquake Hazards Reduction  Program,Wasbington, DC, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994 (1997, 2000). style="text-align: left;">10. ATC, Tentative Provisionsfor the Development ofSeismic Regula tionsfor Buildings, ATC Publication ATC 3-06, NBS Special Publication 510, NSF Publication 78-8, Applied Technology Council,  U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1978. style="text-align: left;">11. FEMA, NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA 273, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC, October 1997, and Prestandard and  Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA 356, Washington, DC, November 2000. style="text-align: left;">12. Ellingwood, B., Galambos, T. V., MacGregor, J. G., and Cor nell, C. A., Development of a Probability-Based Load Criterion for American National Standard A58, NBS SP 577, U.S. Department of  Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC, 1980.