Effects of three types of functional appliances in class II malocclusions treatment - sagittal and vertical changes

摘要

Introduction/Objective. Class II malocclusions are sagittal malocclusions characterized by a distal relationship of posterior teeth. Depending on the underlying problem, class II can be skeletal or dentoalveolar. Class II treatment modality will depend on the cause, severity and age. Growth modification is the best treatment option in skeletal Class II growing patients. The aim of this study was to establish and compare sagittal and vertical skeletal and dental changes in patients treated with the “M block” appliance, the Fr?nkel functional regulator and the Balters’ Bionator. Methods. The sample consisted of 70 patients diagnosed with skeletal class II (ANB > 4°) and mandibular retrognathism (SNB < 80°). Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the type of appliance. All patients went through the standard diagnostic procedure (anamnesis, clinical and functional analysis, study model, panoramic radiograph and cephalometric analysis) and dental and skeletal age was determined. Treatment effects were analyzed on study models and cephalograms at the end of treatment. Results. All appliances led to significant mandibular anterior movement and sagittal growth, which reduced ANB values. All three groups of patients presented with neutral growth pattern, upper incisor retrusion and lower incisor protrusion at the end of treatment. Conclusion. Results of this study indicate efficacy of all three appliances in skeletal class II treatment.