Soil residual activity of the commercial mixtures of the herbicides fluazifop-p-butyl and fomesafen under bean tillage and no-tillage systems

摘要

The residual activity of the commercial mixtures of the herbicides fluazifop-p-butyl and fomesafen was evaluated in Typic Hapludalfs soil in bean cultivated under tillage and no-tillage systems. The bean plant was cultivated under the tillage system over corn straw (3.6 t ha1) Brachiaria brizantha (15 t ha-1) and corn straw + B. brizantha (8.1 t ha-1). Under the tillage system, bean was planted after incorporation into the soil of the corn straws + B. brizantha originating from the consortium. The commercial herbicide mixture (500 mL ha-1 ) was applied 30 days after bean emergence. In soil samples collected at 10, 29, 47, 72 and 119 days after herbicide application (DAA), persistence was evaluated in the soil using the bioassay method and Sorghum vulgare as control. It was verified that Typic Hapludalfs soil has a high sorption capacity for fluazifop-p-butyl and fomesafen. Regardless of the type and amount of straw over the surface soil, under no tillage system, no herbicide residual effect on soil was verified after 10 DAA. However, when the straw was incorporated into the soil, under the tillage system, phytotoxicity symptoms, and reduced height and dry mass aerial part of S. vulgare persisted after 72 DAA of the herbicides. The absence of residual symptoms in the control plant, when the herbicides were applied under no tillage system, was attributed to straw retention, preventing its contact with the soil.