Novel Approaches in the Design of Donor-Acceptor Oligomeric and Polymeric Materials for Photovoltaic Applications: D/A Blend versus Self-assembly of D/A by Covalent or Non-Covalent Interaction

摘要

Organic semiconducting materials involving small π- conjugated molecules as well as polymers are fast growing members in the family of potential materials for harvesting non-conventional source of energy like the solar radiation [1–8]. Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) are a revolutionary technology which converts the solar radiations into electrical energy using organic/polymeric semiconducting material (active layer). The technology has become very promising due to its low fabrication cost, lightweight, large area and mechanical ?exibility. The major breakthrough in OPV was created by Tang et al. who reported the frst hetero junction organic solar cell with power conversion efciency (PCE) ~1% [1, 9]. Although intensely researched for more than two decades, the efciency of organic solar cell remains lower compared to effciency based on inorganic crystalline silicon which has reached up to ~25%. However, promising breakthroughs in terms of better device performance efciencies, device designs as well as longer outdoor performance of test mod-.