Unravelling some Kinki earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Megadrili: Megascolecidae) - Part II

摘要

Metaphire tanbode sp. nov. is found in rice paddy in Kinki plain at Lake Biwa and Amynthas yamade sp. nov. is from Hira range to the West. M. tanbode belongs to the M. hilgendorfi / A. tokioensis species-complex, while montane A. yamade is comparable to both Amynthas aeruginosus-group and Duplodicodrilus schmardae-group. Genetic barcoding (mtDNA COI) via types is attempted. Taxonomic ‘housekeeping’ requires replacement of invalid homonyms: e.g. Pheretima montana Ishizuka, 1999 (non type-species P. montana Kinberg, 1867) is renamed Amynthas nonmontanus; others are A. nonsilvestris, A. noninvisus, A. nonmonticolus and A. nonsetosus, noms. et combs. novae. Thus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 s. stricto remains unrecorded from Japan while prior Amynthas Kinberg, 1867, and its derivative Metaphire Sims & Easton, 1972, are abundant and diverse. Family and generic level definition and placement of Oriental pheretimoids are restated for the benefit of current workers and for novice field-ecologists. Surveys of below-ground biodiversity of rice paddy in Lake Biwa is compared to more natural habitats around Lake Pedder in Western Tasmanian Wilderness Area, and co-incidentally, both have 21 recorded earthworm species. Thus claims from various countries of less than six species per location are contraindicated by thorough eco-taxonomic methods yielding more representative results.