Technical Note: Remote sensing of sea surface salinity using the propagation of low-frequency navigation signals

摘要

This paper introduces a potential method for the remote sensing of seasurface salinity (SSS) using the measured propagation delay of low-frequencyLoran-C signals transmitted over an all-seawater path between the Syltstation in Germany and an integrated Loran-C/GPS receiver located inHarwich, UK. The overall delay variations in Loran-C surface waves along thepath may be explained by changes in sea surface properties (especially thetemperature and salinity), as well as atmospheric properties that determinethe refractive index of the atmosphere. After removing the atmospheric andsea surface temperature (SST) effects from the measured delay, the residualdelay revealed a temporal variation similar to that of SSS data obtained bythe European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS)satellite.