Tendências observadas em indicadores de extremos climáticos de temperatura e precipita??o no estado do Paraná

摘要

This paper analyzes the trends of climate extremes based on indicators calculated from daily observational temperature and precipitation data series during 35 years at 20 IAPAR meteorological stations,, in the State of Paraná. The objective is to contribute to assessing studies on climate impacts and vulnerability, required to develop adapting strategies to climate change. Initially, climatologic values of air temperature and precipitation in the State are revisited. With respect to trends in climate extremes, the results of the indicators associated with temperature indicate a widespread pattern of statistically significant warming in almost all Paraná State. The percentage of hot days and nights in the State increased significantly at a rate of 0.1 to 0.4 %/year between 1976 and 2010. The annual minimum and maximum average temperatures indicate an increase in almost all Paraná of +0.02°C/year over the same period. The minimum temperature indicators show more significant increasing trends than the maximum temperature does. Furthermore, most indicators of climate extremes associated with precipitation have no statistical significance, except for a few stations in different regions of the State. From these, only Pato Branco and Planalto, at southwestern Paraná show an elevation trend of the dry period (+0.25 mm/year), and Cambará, Ibipor? and Umuarama, in northern State show a reduction (-0.5 mm/year) of heavy rainfall.