Prevalencia del dolor postoperatorio en cirugía electiva de pacientes del hospital de especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI IMSS

摘要

Background: acute postoperative pain remains as a symptom with an elevated prevalence, which has been studied in many hospitals. However, the prevalence in most of the hospitals of public health in Mexico is unknown. There is a lack of presence of acute pain services and the use of opioids in the country is very low, this is understandable because we ignore the prevalence of the pain and we don't evaluate its presence routinely. Objective: evaluate the prevalence of acute postoperative pain in the "Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI", the analgesic norms used, the effectiveness of these and the patient satisfaction with the treatments employed. Material and methods: descriptive, prospective and observational study. 154 patients were evaluated that complete the selection criteria to know the type of surgery and anesthesia, the analgesic treatment employed, the pain in rest and activity in the postanesthetic recovery unit, in the night of the surgery and the next morning, as well as the satisfaction of the patients with their treatment. Results: at their arrival to the recovery room, the patients that referred moderate, severe and intolerable pain were 47%. Pain evaluation at 19:00 h expose that 72% and 63% of the patients had this pain intensity in rest and activity respectively, and at 8:00 am of the first postoperative pain the percentages were 42.1 and 64.9%. The media of analgesics used in hospitalization room was 1.8 with a minimum of 1 and a maxim of 4, all the analgesics used were non steroidal anti-inflammatory, the pain treatment in all cases was given by the treatment services. 79% of patients report nothing, low or moderate satisfaction with the treatment employed. Conclusions: acute postoperative pain is a reality in our hospital, it is necessary qualify to the hospital staff in the evaluation and treatment of pain. It is also necessary that surgeons and anesthesiologist communicate to offer an effective treatment to postoperative paid. It is obvious the necessity of creating an acute postoperative pain unit that establish protocols, supervise treatments and measure the patients satisfaction.