Fenologia reprodutiva, biologia floral e poliniza??o de Allamanda blanchetii, uma Apocynaceae endêmica da Caatinga

摘要

(Reproductive phenology, floral biology and pollination of Allamanda blanchetii, an Apocynaceae endemic of the Caatinga). The reproductive phenology, floral biology, pollination mechanism and breeding system of Allamanda blanchetii A.DC. were studied in natural populations in the Almas Farm, Paraíba, Brazil. Allamanda blanchetii is a shrubby species, endemic of the Caatinga, flowering from February to July, with peak in March-April. The fruiting followed the flowering and continued until September. The tubular flowers are pink, their strong herkogamy preventing self pollination. The pollen grains are deposited in the upper side of the style head (non-receptive region), still in the pre anthesis phase (dehiscent anther), characterizing a secondary pollen presentation. The flowers produce an average of 36.6 μL of nectar, that is the only resource to the floral visitors. Allamanda blanchetii is self incompatible and the results suggest a late-acting self-incompatibility mechanism. The floral attributes are compatible with the melittophilous and psychophilous syndromes. In fact, the observed pollinators were the bee Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier, as main pollinator, and four species of butterflies, which act as secondary pollinators. The occurrence of strong herkogamy, secondary pollen presentation and self-incompatibility mechanism indicates high degree of specialization of pollination and breeding systems of A. blanchetii.