Composi??o florística e estrutura comunitária de epífitos vasculares em uma floresta de galeria na Depress?o Central do Rio Grande do Sul

摘要

Although gallery forests are widespread throughout the neotropics, little information is available about vascular epiphytism in these formations. The objective of this study was to describe the floristic composition and community structure of vascular epiphytes in a gallery forest along two small streams of the central lowlands of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The study site lies in the area of the Agronomic Experimental Station (30°04' - 30°07' S and 51°40' - 51°42' W) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) at an altitude of about 40 m. Regional climate is humid subtropical (Cfa), with average annual temperature and precipitation of 19,2 oC and 1310 mm, respectively. Sixty host-trees with a minimum DBH of 10 cm were sampled according to the point-centered quarter method. Frequency and diversity parameters were estimated on the basis of epiphytic occurrence on individual phorophytes and on two tree-segments, bole and crown. Floristic composition resulted in 13 families, 32 genera and 50 species. The families with highest species richness were Orchidaceae (13), Bromeliaceae (8), Polypodiaceae (8), Cactaceae (5) and Piperaceae (5). Two fern species presented the highest importance values, Microgramma vacciniifolia and Polypodium pleopeltifolium. The Shannon index of diversity was 3.434 (nats) for the whole epiphytic community. Regarding the bole and crown environments, the values were 3.092 and 3.298, respectively. These intermediate values in relation to other studies on soutern Brazil probably reflect a typical subtropical situation, where epiphytic diversity decreases due to lower temperature and precipitation.