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Education, Health and Employment in Pakistan: A Co-integration Analysis

机译:巴基斯坦的教育,卫生与就业:协整分析

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Education and health both are essentials for development strategy of any economy. They also play vital role in enhancing productivity, economic growth and employment level. By providing equal opportunities of education and health to all citizens of any nation, all types of disparities can be eliminated. Considering the importance, the present study highlights some of the significant features of education and health in advancing employment level in the long run as well as in the short run. The analysis also incorporates the causality investigations based on VAR and VECM. Keeping in mind, the research uses time series data for the period from 1972 to 2010. With the aim of long run and short run estimates, we have taken Johansen Co-integration test and Vector Error Correction model respectively. The long run results exhibit that educational expenditure, total enrollment, number of hospitals, health expenditure and gross fixed capital formation are momentous features in magnifying employment level in Pakistan. Speed of adjustment term suggests that short run variables are converging towards long run equilibrium by taking 7 percent annually adjustments. At the end, it is suggested that there should be more expenditure on education to promote enrollment at primary and professional levels by offering scholarships to students. For better health and education, Govt. should augment health expenditure as well.
机译:教育和卫生都是任何经济发展战略的基本要素。它们在提高生产率,经济增长和就业水平方面也起着至关重要的作用。通过为任何国家的所有公民提供平等的教育和健康机会,可以消除所有类型的差距。考虑到重要性,本研究着重说明了教育和卫生在长期和短期内在提高就业水平方面的一些重要特征。该分析还包括基于VAR和VECM的因果关系调查。请记住,本研究使用的是1972年至2010年的时间序列数据。为了进行长期和短期估计,我们分别采用了Johansen协整检验和Vector Error Correction模型。长期结果表明,教育支出,总入学人数,医院数量,卫生支出和固定资本形成总额是扩大巴基斯坦就业水平的重要特征。调整速度项表明,通过每年调整7%,短期变量正在趋向于长期均衡。最后,建议通过向学生提供奖学金,增加教育支出,以促进小学和专业水平的入学率。为了更好的健康和教育,政府。也应该增加卫生支出。

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