Design of New Approaches and Technological Solutions of Obtaining Biocidal Compositions to Protect Industrial and Civil Buildings and Constructions Against Biodeterioration

摘要

There was suggested the method of obtaining biocidal compositions from electroplating industry waste by means of biotoxicants concentration. The method includes mixing galvanic sludge with ammonium chloride in stoichiometric proportion, mechanochemical activation of the obtained mix to the size of 0.5-5 μm, the sub-sequent heat treatment in the muffle furnace at temperature 450-500°C, leaching of the obtained sinter with wastewater from the same electroplating plant and of similar composition at at pH≤3, detachment of sediment by filtration and extraction of metals compounds out of the obtained solution by electroflotation method at pH = 8-10. The obtained concentrates were dried and kilned at temperature 650°C to obtain metal oxides. The biocidal properties of the obtained materials were determined by using microfungi of Aspergilius, Pennicillium, Cladosporium genera. The comparative characteristics of microorganisms development on the initial galvanic sludge and on the modified sludge were shown. It was detected that introducing additives, obtained after processing galvanic sludge, contributed to 3 fold reduction of the fouling degree of samples at the average, in comparison with the initial sludge, both by green and by blue-green algae. The optimal concentration of biocidal additive in building mixes was determined and amounted to 1-2%. At this, the physical and mechanical properties of samples did not reduce.