Effect of plant density and biofertilization on sunflower “ Helianthus annuus , L” cv. Sakha53 productivity

摘要

Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture (SabaBasha), Alexandria University at Abees region. Alexandria, Egypt, during the two growing seasons (2012 and2013) to study the effect of both plant density and biofertilization on yield, yield components and seed quality ofsunflower “Helianthus annuus, L” cv. Sakha 53. The applied experimental design was split-plot with threereplications. The main plots were assigned for the three plant densities (48000, 60000 and 72000 plants/ha.),while the four biofertilization treatments were (uninoculation+74.4 kg P2O5/ ha. as control treatment),(Phosphorein + 37.2 kg P2O5/ ha.), (Mycorrhizae + 37.2 kg P2O5/ha.), and mixture of “Phosphorein withMycorrhizae” + 37.2 kg P2O5/ha., which were arranged in the sub-plot. The obtained results could besummarized as follows: (1)- the results showed significant differences between plant density reflected on plantheight, stem diameter, head diameter, head weight, 100-seed weight, seed yield ha., and seed, straw biologicalyields/ha. The highest seed yield/ha., viz; (3.60 and 4.13 tons/ha.) were obtained by planting 48000 plants/ha.,during both seasons, (2) - planting 480000 plants/ha., with mixture of biofertilizers “Phosphorein +Mycorrhizae” + 37.2 kg P2O5/ha., was the best combination to obtain the highest values of seed, straw,biological yields/ha. However, all traits stud were increased significantly because of inoculation treatments ascompared with control treatment (uninoculation+74.4 kg P2O5/ha.) and the mixture of biofertilizers“Phosphorein with Mycorrhizae” + 37.2 kg P2O5/ha., was the best treatment. The present investigation suggeststhe need for more studies concerning the effect of plant densities and biofertilization and their interaction, aswell as, applying NPK on sunflower plant under different environmental conditions using different types of soil,especially newly reclaimed soils, to reach the optimum combination to achieve the best yield and quality of seedoil content.