Density, compression and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. and Perr. Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) and Gmelina arborea (Roxb) wood species in Makurdi, Nigeria

摘要

The longevity of timber in service has been affected by lack of appropriate quality indices prior to end use application. This study determined density, compression parallelto grain (CSLG) and compression perpendicular to grain (CSPG) and the MOE of A. leiocarpus, D. oliveri, and G. arborea. The design was a factorial experimental of 3x3x4 consisting of 3 wood species, 3 wood positions and 4 test parameters in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Results on variation among wood species revealed density in A. leocarpus, D. oliveri, and G. arborea as (925, 659 and 628)kg/m~(3) individually. CSLG was (6.72, 5.53 and 4.37)N/mm~(2) in G. arborea, D. oliveri and A. leocarpus respectively. CSPG was (9.07, 3.17 and 2.25)N/mm~(2) in A. leocarpus, D. oliveri and G. arborea correspondingly. MOE was (2.25, 0.33 and 0.32)N/mm~(2) in D. oliveri, A. leocarpus, and G. arborea separately. Interactions between wood species and positions of CSPG showed base, top and middle had 8.99N/mm~(2), 9.08N/mm~(2) and 9.15N/mm~(2) respectively, in A. leocarpus. While in D. oliveri, (2.39, 2.73 and 4.39)N/mm~(2)) at the middle, top and base respectively. G. arborea had (2.44, 2.77 and 4.53)N/mm~(2) at the middle, top and base respectively. Also, CSLG results were 4.9N/mm~(2), 4.48N/mm~(2) and 3.72N/mm~(2) at the base, middle and top respectively. G. arborea trend showed an increase from the base of 5.46N/mm~(2) to the middle of 6.08N/mm~(2) and the highest at top 8.62N/mm~(2). Density values were 955 kg/m~(3), 915kg/m~(3), 905kg/m~(3) at the base, middle and top respectively, in A. leocarpus. In D. oliveri, it was 702kg/m~(3), 92kg/m~(3)and 582kg/m~(3) at the base, top and middle respectively. Whereas, in G. arborea it was 692kg/m~(3), 552kg/m~(3)and 668kg/m~(3) at the middle, top and base respectively. MOE indicates that A. leocarpus was peak (0.3575 N/mm~(2)) at the base and lowest (0.3150N/mm~(2)) at the middle. D. oliveri was highest (0.2790N/mm~(2)) at the base and lowest (0.2303N/mm~(2)) at the top. G. arborea was highest (0.3298N/mm~(2)) at the base and lowest (0.2968N/mm~(2)) at the top. Conclusively, A. leocarpus and D. oliveri and G. arborea wood species are recommended for carpentry, fuel wood production, building materials and carving for fine texture, durability, and good finishing.