Negotiations of the Montreal Protocol to Protect Global Ozone Layer (O3) from Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS) by Using UNEP as Global Forum in Promoting the Precautionary Principle Based on Global Environmental Governance and Law Perspectives

摘要

Global environmental governance and law principles provide the focal framework for global collaboration along with the global community in order to safeguard Mother Nature at the national, regional and global levels. At each level, the conscientiousness has driven out to be progressively more multifarious as new protagonists and concerns are drawn into the global governance process. Some of the global environmental governance scholars have suggested that a global forum might have an influence on the negotiations for creating Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) by promoting the precautionary principle. Moreover, the existence of such a forum would lead to global cooperation in order to achieve sustainable development. The Montreal Protocol has managed to seek global environmental cooperation among almost all of the states in the world, which made the Montreal Protocol become a successful one. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to explain the influence of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) global forum in the global environmental governance by promoting the precautionary principle with regard to the Montreal Protocol’s early negotiations and the relations of the interstates’ participation response. This study has adopted the qualitative approach, which is based on the meetings’ proceeding reports of the Montreal Protocol. This study has also acknowledged that the global forum of UNEP had played an essential role as a strong environmental forum by promoting the precautionary principle in order to influence the Montreal Protocol’s early negotiations and the response of the interstates’ participation. Based on the results of the analysis, we have identified the main themes as activities and committees, while the eight sub-themes are meetings, workshops, conferences, coordinating committees, secretariat, advisory panel, working groups and Governing Council. Finally, the preliminary findings indicate that UNEP as a global forum which promotes the precautionary principle in the negotiations of the Montreal Protocol was important in terms of to lead for further development and expansion of the rules on global environmental governance and law in order to seek global environmental cooperation to protect global ozone layer (O3) from Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).