Use of simulation to examine a dairy goat breeding program in Tanzania

摘要

ThispaperdiscussesselectioninadairygoatpopulationforimprovedperformancebyconceptualizingitforapopulationinTanzania.Sevenstrategies(5,10,20,30,50,70,100testbucks)weresimulated.AprogenytestbasedselectionbreedingprogramfittingMgeta(Morogoro,Tanzania)situationwasoptimized.Theselectionintensity,accuracyofprediction,andgeneticgainofmilkyield(kg)perdayatheritability0.1and0.2arediscussed.Useofnaturalmatingfor1000goats,incooperatingvillages,wereassumed.Threeelitebuckswereselectedforbreedingwith12%ofthebestfemales.OutlinesofessentialelementsforalocalsustainabledairygoatbreedingprograminTanzaniaareincludedwithaschematicfigureshowingselectionstepsfordairygoatbreedingschemefittinginMgetaarea.Thisstudyfoundthatselectionintensitygainedwhentestingmanybucksismoreimportantfordailymilkyield(DMY)(kg)geneticgainthantheextraaccuracygainedwhentestingfewerbucks.Mgetahasamountainousterrain,smallherdsizesperfarmerandlongdistancefromonecooperatingvillagetoanother.Testing30bucksispracticalforMgeta.Thatgivesrelativelyhigh(42%or53%)accuracyofselectionandgeneticgain(2%or2.6%for0.1or0.2heritability).Thecurrentresultsofestimatedgeneticgainareclosetoreportedfindingsunderotherenvironments.BasedondairygoatsofNorwegianbreedinTanzania,milkedoncedaily,if210daysofmilkingandanaverageof1litremilkyieldisconsidered,thepossiblegeneticgainperyearinthisprogramisequivalenttoanincreaseof4.2kgfor0.1heritabilityand5.5kgofmilkperdoefor0.2heritabilityofthetrait.Suchanincreaseinamountofmilkduetoabreedingprogramundertheconsideredenvironmentispromising.Collaborativeeffortsfromfarmerstoconsumersalongthedairygoatmarketchainremainimportantelementstorealizeasustainablehighgain.Theproposedbreedingprogrammaynotbeperfectinfuturebecauseofpracticaloptionsandaccessibilitytonewknowledge.Thus,itbecomesindispensabletorevisebreedingprograms.