Dispersal and survival of Nyssomyia intermedia and Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in a cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area of the speleological province of the Ribeira Valley, state of S?o Paulo, Brazil

摘要

The dispersal and survival of the phlebotomines Nyssomyia intermedia and Nyssomyia neivai (both implicatedas vectors of the cutaneous leishmaniasis agent) in an endemic area was investigated using a capture-mark-releasetechnique in five experiments from August-December 2003 in municipality of Iporanga, state of S?o Paulo, Brazil.A total of 1,749 males and 1,262 females of Ny. intermedia and 915 males and 411 females of Ny. neivai were markedand released during the five experiments. Recapture attempts were made using automatic light traps, aspirationin natural resting places and domestic animal shelters and Shannon traps. A total of 153 specimens (3.48%) wererecaptured: 2.59% (78/3,011) for Ny. intermedia and 5.35% (71/1,326) for Ny. neivai. Both species were recapturedup to 144 h post-release, with the larger part of them recaptured within 48 h. The median dispersion distances forNy. intermedia and Ny. neivai, respectively, were 109 m and 100 m. The greatest dispersal range of Ny. intermediawas 180 m, while for Ny. neivai one female was recaptured in a pasture at 250 m and another in a pigsty at 520 m,showing a tendency to disperse to more open areas. The daily survival rates calculated based on regressions of thenumbers of marked insects recaptured on the six successive days after release were 0.746 for males and 0.575 forfemales of Ny. intermedia and 0.649 for both sexes of Ny. neivai. The size of the populations in the five months rangedfrom 8,332-725,085 for Ny. intermedia males, 2,193-104,490 for Ny. intermedia females, 1,687-350,122 for Ny. neivaimales and 254-49,705 for Ny. neivai females.