IN VITRO SCREENING OF PRECONDITIONED PLUMULAR APICES EXPLANTS OF PEANUT (ARACHIS HYPOGEAE) TO DIFFERENT SALTS CONCENTRATION

摘要

High salinity level in soil or irrigation water limits the plant growth and yield due to altering the metabolic processes, enzymes contents and activities. Peanut is sensitive plant to salinity and salinity level above EC of 8 dS m-1 which hindered the germination rate and plant growth. In vitro screening method using plant tissue culture techniques could be employed to identify salt tolerance of explant, cultivar or plant without exposing to soil or climate. In this study, preconditioned plumular apices explants were cultured on agar solidified MS medium suplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 BAP and 5-20 ^S cm-1 salinity level of NaCl and KCl for two months. 100% callus induction and shoot regeneration frequency was recorded along with browning or necrosis on callus or regnerated shoots on all mediums irrespective of salty type or concentration. Increased salt concentrations significally inhibited the number of shoots and shoot length compared to control. Regenerated shoots (< 0.5 cm) were rooted on rooting medium enriched with 0.25-2.0 mg l-1 IBA or 1.0 mg l-1 IBA with 0.15-0.6% sucrose concentrations. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the pots containing peat moss or coarse sand: peat moss soil mix (1:1) in the growth room. Results revealed that preconditioned plumular explants can be used for modern biotechnological techniques like in vitro selection or genetic transformation studies.