PENGARUH APLIKASI TEKNIK SERANGGA MANDUL (TSM) TERHADAP STERILITAS TELUR DAN PENURUNAN POPULASI VEKTOR DEMAM BERDARAH Aedes aegypti DI DAERAH SUB URBAN ENDEMIS DBD DI SALATIGA

摘要

AbstrakTeknik Serangga Mandul (TSM) adalah teknik pengendalian vektor yang ramah lingkungan dan spesifik target. Adanya resistensi vektor mendorong dikembangkan TSM dalam mengurangi populasi vektor. Salah satu parameter penurunanvektor dapat dilihat dari telur steril. Telur steril adalah telur yang tidak mengandung embrio dan biasa disebut telur mandul. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi TSM terhadap peningkatan telur mandul danpenurunan populasi Ae. aegypti. Penelitian dilakukan di daerah pemukiman penduduk Kota Salatiga pada tahun 2012. Ae. aegypti jantan diiradiasi menggunakan sinar gamma cobalt-60 (70 Gy) dan dilakukan di BATAN Jakarta. Pelepasan Ae. aegypti jantan mandul dilakukan sebanyak lima kali, satu minggu sekali. Banyaknnya nyamuk yang dilepaskan adalah 45 ekor tiap rumah. Parameter yang diukur adalah presentase telur mandul sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi TSM dan penurunan populasi Ae. aegypti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa presentase telur mandul yang dihasilkan diluar rumah setelah pelepasan jantan mandul pertama, kedua, ketiga, keempat dan kelima adalah 72,15%, 49,55%, 87,69%, 61,93%, and 50,89%. Presentase telur mandul di dalam rumah setelah pelepasan pertama, kedua, ketiga, keempat, dan kelima adalah 67,53%, 100%, 72,36%, 57,93%, dan 94,05%. Pelepasan jantan mandul sebanyak lima kali telah menyebabkan populasi Ae. aegypti di luar dan dalam rumah turun menjadi 89,25% dan 49,21%. Kata kunci: TSM, telur mandul, Ae. aegyptiAbstractSterile Insect Technique (SIT) is a vector control method which is safe to the environment and directed to specific target. The vector resistance against insecticide encourage the application of SIT in an effort to reduce the mosquitopopulations. Indicators and parameters of the population can be determined by the percentage of eggs sterility. Sterile egg is that does not contain embryo and usually called barren egg and does not hatch. The aim of the study was todetermine the effect of SIT on increasing percentage eggs sterility followed by reducing Aedes aegypti population. The Study had been carried out in the residential area of Salatiga in 2012, Central Java. Males Ae. aegypti were irradiated using cobalt-60 gamma ray (70 Gy) and was done in BATAN Jakarta. Sterile male Ae.aegypti were released five times,once a week. A number of 45 Ae.aegypti sterile males were released in each target house. Parameters measured were percentage of eggs sterile before and after aplication of sterile male, and reducing Ae.aegypti population. The results showed the percentage of sterile eggs produced outdoor after the release of sterile males from the first, second, third,fourth, and fifth were, 72.15%, 49.55%, 87.69%, 61.93%, and 50.89%. The sterile of the indoor eggs after the release of sterile males from the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth, were 67.53%, 100%, 72.36%, 57.93%, and 94.05%. The release of sterile males five times has affected the populations of Ae. aegypti outdoor and indoor reduced to to 89.25% and 49.21%.Keywords: SIT, sterility eggs, Ae. aegypti