Theoretical - Experimental Analysis of Cellular and Primary Dendritic Spacings during Unidirectional Solidification of Sn-Pb Alloys

摘要

Structural parameters as grain size, dendritic and cellular spacings, segregated products, porosity and other phases are strongly influenced by the thermal behavior of the metal/mold system during solidification, imposing a close correlation between this and the resulting microstructure. Several unidirectional solidification studies with the objective of characterizing cellular and dendritic spacings have been developed in large scale involving solidification in steady-state heat flow. The main objective of this work is to determine the thermal solidification parameters during the cellular/dendritic transition as well as to compare theoretical models that predict cellular and primary dendritic spacings with experimental results for solidification situations in unsteady-state heat flow. Experiments were carried out in a water cooled unidirectional solidification apparatus and dilute alloys of the Sn-Pb system were used (Sn 1.5wt%Pb, Sn 2.5wt%Pb and Sn 5wt%Pb). The upper limit of the Hunt-Lu cellular growth model closely matched the experimental spacings. The lower limit calculated with the Hunt-Lu dendritic model best generated the experimental results. The cellular/dendritic transition was observed to occur for the Sn 2.5wt%Pb alloy over a range of analytical cooling rates from 0.28 K/s to 1.8 K/s.