Signaling pathway of mitochondrial stress

摘要

Mitochondria, vital organelles, produce ATP efficiently for energy homeostasis via aerobic respiration and play a key role in tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, regulating of calcium homeostasis. Mitochondria are principal regulators of cell signaling via production of reactive oxygen species. Under various exogenous and/or endogenous stresses, mitochondria have the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, termed mitochondrial stress. Mitochondrial stress reconstructs mitochondrial homeostasis through integrated signaling termed the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR"m"t). The mitochondrial UPR"m"t is a response of the cell to relieve mitochondrial damage and respond to proteotoxic stress specifically in mitochondria. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial UPR"m"t can sustain proteostasis and maintain overall cellular homeostasis. This review highlights the complex molecular mechanisms of the mitochondrial UPR"m"t.