Carbon dioxide, as a promising C1 synthon, has attracted great interest in organic synthesis. Due to the thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO2, developing efficient strategies for CO2 activation and subsequent conversion from is very crucial. In this context, Ionic liquids (ILs) show great potential for capturing and activating CO2 owing to their unique structures and properties, making them become ideal alternatives to volatile organic solvents and/or catalysts for CO2 transformation. This minireview aims at summarizing ILs-promoted reactions of CO2 with nucleophiles. Two catalytic systems i.e. metal/ILs dinary systems such as Cu/ILs systems and Ag/ILs systems as well as single ILs systems including anion-functionalized ILs and dual-functionalized ILs have been developed for CO2 catalytic transformations, for instance, carboxylative cyclization of nucleophiles e.g. propargylic alcohols, amines, 2-aminobenzonitriles and o-aminobenzenethiol, and formylation of amines or 2-aminothiophenols with hydrosilanes to afford various value-added chemicals e.g. cyclic carbamates, unsymmetrical organic carbonates, α-hydroxyl ketones, and benzimidazolones. In a word, IL could provide a powerful tool for an efficient CO2 utilization.
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机译:分离的核酸(多核苷酸),反义寡核苷酸,抑制或减少编码CO2SEN蛋白的消息和/或CO2SEN蛋白或植物多聚核苷酸和多肽多糖的植物植株的表达的方法植物保护细胞,植物细胞,植物片,植物组织或植物,植物的一部分的碳吸收量和碳排量的负,正调节及增加,碳保护层和水流以及CO 2 / CO 2交换水交换或损失水开放植物,关闭植物的气孔,部分植物,器官,植物片或植物细胞,以增强或优化植物,植物片,器官,植物,植物的一部分上的生物量积累,植物,种子或植物细胞中的植物细胞或种子,板温度的降低和蒸腾强度的提高,降低了T型保护细胞中的效率降低和碳含量