The pollution of soil with petroleum hydrocarbons prevents unfolding processes of water infiltration in soil, its circulation and the exchanges of the gaseous substances with the atmosphere. The biodegradation speed of the pollutants by the microorganisms is influenced of some factors: nutrients, soil type, humidity, temperature, pH, the type and the metabolism of the microorganisms. The spill of the crude oil in the soil results in numerical growth of bacteria populations, with a concomitant reduction in their diversity, respectively with the predominant species that degrade hydrocarbons to simpler compounds, determining their gradual disappearance.
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