MBBR applications diversify as biofilm carriers go beyond space-saving niche

摘要

Biological carrier-based treatment sys-tems are enjoying a renaissance as regulations tighten and urban popu-lation growth puts pressures on treatment capacity and footprint. Moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) and integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) are strong candi-dates for intensifying wastewater treat-ment, but are also increasingly finding applications in biological nutrient removal and treatment of pharmaceutical residues. MBBRs especially are also primed for strong uptake in decentralised applications.