Macroseismology in Finland from the 1730s to the 2000s. Part 1: History of the Macroseismic Questionnaire.

摘要

The present article is the first part of a snapshot of macroseismology in Finland from the 1730s tothe 2000s. In the 1730s, more numerous and informative earthquake reports began to appear. Continuingup until the early 1880s, these reports were often by-products of compilations of statistics and weatherconditions; afterwards, felt earthquake observations were the objective of specific macroseismic surveys.During the Swedish era until 1808, earthquake reports are attributed to the developing press, theRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Statistical Office. In the Grand Duchy of Finland, learnedsocieties collected data on different natural phenomena. In the Republic of Finland since 1917, the designing and use of macroseismic questionnaires shifted to the established seismological units.The designing and dissemination of macroseismic questionnaires constitute the core of macroseismic surveys in Finland. This part focuses on the design. Seven generations of printed macroseismicquestionnaires are identified. The first questionnaire in 1882 was designed by a geologist. The secondgeneration questionnaire was produced by the Geological Commission. In the 1900s, the third-generationquestionnaire was owned by the Geographical Society of Finland, the fourth by the seismological stationof the University of Helsinki, the fifth by the Sodankyl? Geophysical Observatory of the Finnish Academyof Science and Letters, the sixth by the Department of Geophysics of the University of Oulu and the seventh of the Institute of Seismology of the University of Helsinki. At the turn of the 2000s the questionnairewas placed on the Internet.