Naravne in umetne pregrade ter z njimi povezani hidro-geomorfni procesi // Natural and man-made dams and related hydro-geomorphic processes

摘要

V ?lanku predstavljamo hidro-geomorfne procese, ki so povezani z naravnimi in umetnimi pregradami. Ob zajezitvah, ki nastajajo za pregradami, prihaja zaradi razli?nih vzrokov, kot je nihanje vodne gladine, do pro?enja zemeljskih plazov in skalnih podorov. Tak?ni pojavi lahko povzro?ijo prelitje ali podrtje naravnih pa tudi umetnih pregrad. V tem oziru posebej poudarjamo Vajontski zdrs, ki je zaradi ?love?kega vzroka, velikosti in katastrofalnih posledic eden bolj znanih tovrstnih pojavov v Evropi. Predstavljamo tudi pove?ini spregledane pojave v Sloveniji ter nekaj ve?jih pojavov po svetu.The article presents hydro-geomorphic processes associated with natural and artificial dams. Landslides and rockfalls are triggered behind the dams due to different causes, e.g. fluctuation of the water level. Such phenomena can cause overspilling or demolish natural and artificial dams. In this regard, the article presents the Vaiont rockslide, which is due to human-related causes, its size and the catastrophic consequences one of the most well-known phenomena in Europe. Some other examples from the world and in Slovenia are presented.