Small airway imaging phenotypes in biomass- and tobacco smoke-exposed patients with COPD

摘要

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the third most common cause of death, worldwide [1]. Tobacco smoke (TS) is the main risk factor for COPD in developed countries, but biomass smoke (BMS) exposure is the leading cause in developing countries, particularly in women [2].Biomass and functional small airway disease http://ow.ly/gXu730abpKuL. Fernandes developed the study protocol, performed statistical analysis, interpreted data and wrote the manuscript. N. Gulati undertook patient recruitment, co-supervised CT acquisition, performed statistical analysis and interpreted data. Y. Fernandes supervised CT acquisition and assisted with quantitative CT standardisation. A.M. Mesquita co-developed the protocol, co-wrote the manuscript and acted as scientific advisor. M. Sardessai co-developed the protocol and acted as scientific advisor. J-W.J. Lammers critically reviewed the manuscript and provided a scientific critique of the data. F.A. Mohamed Hoesein provided PRM data and CT scans from female patients in the Netherlands cohort, critically reviewed the manuscript and provided a scientific critique of the data. N.H.T. ten Hacken critically reviewed the manuscript and provided a scientific critique of the data. M. van den Berge provided PRM data and CT scans from female patients in the Netherlands cohort, critically reviewed the manuscript and provided a scientific critique of the data. C.J. Galbán developed the PRM algorithm, analysed CT images using the PRM approach and provided a scientific critique of the data. S. Siddiqui helped L. Fernandes prepare the manuscript, influenced the study design (addition of the Groningen cohort), analysed the data with L. Fernandes and provided a scientific critique of the data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.