With an interdisciplinary approach, which currently requires the vast territory of the landscape today, are discussed in this article Spanish landscape models rated from the late 19th century as emblems of national identity, constructed by the particular institution and for regeneration in general, to a Spain that overcomes the old scenarios that artistically identified with the history paintings. The landscape of the central area and the Meseta was discovered and exalted as the best could represent a modern nation and regenerated aesthetically and ethically, europeanizing its terms, but with all the references and roots of Spanish painting of the Gold Century and high Meseta landscape backgrounds: El Greco, Velázquez and Goya. The landscape took on a higher level in the hierarchy identifier of Spanish. Since regionalism and nationalism then peripherals were very strong in the half century preceding the Civil War, there was an interaction and tension between the central landscape and peripheral options, which together explain the special process of the theoretical and practice dynamic of Spanish identity landscape. This process came from the realistic to the first and second avant-garde, and lives in fragments in some postmodern proposals.
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