A novel approach to understanding bird communities using informed diversity estimates at local and regional scales in northern California and southern Oregon

摘要

Assessment and preservation of biodiversity has been a central theme of conservation biology since the discipline's inception. However, when diversity estimates are based purely on measures of presence–absence, or even abundance, they do not directly assess in what way focal habitats support the life history needs of individual species making up biological communities. Here, we move beyond na?ve measures of occurrence and introduce the concept of “informed diversity” indices which scale estimates of avian species richness and community assemblage by two critical phases of their life cycle: breeding and molt. We tested the validity of the “informed diversity” concept using bird capture data from multiple locations in northern California and southern Oregon to examine patterns of species richness among breeding, molting, and na?ve (based solely on occurrence) bird communities at the landscape and local scales using linear regression, community similarity indices, and a Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). At the landscape scale, we found a striking pattern of increased species richness for breeding, molting, and na?ve bird communities further inland and at higher elevations throughout the study area. At the local scale, we found that some sites with species‐rich na?ve communities were in fact species‐poor when informed by breeding status, indicating that na?ve richness may mask more biologically meaningful patterns of diversity. We suggest that land managers use informed diversity estimates instead of na?ve measures of diversity to identify ecologically valuable wildlife habitat.