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Responses of a native plant species from invaded and uninvaded areas to allelopathic effects of an invader

机译:入侵和未入侵地区的本地植物物种对入侵者的化感作用的反应

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Invaders exert new selection pressures on the resident species, for example, through competition for resources or by using novel weapons. It has been shown that novel weapons aid invasion but it is unclear whether native species co‐occurring with invaders have adapted to tolerate these novel weapons. Those resident species which are able to adapt to new selective agents can co‐occur with an invader while others face a risk of local extinction. We ran a factorial common garden experiment to study whether a native plant species, Anthriscus sylvestris , has been able to evolve a greater tolerance to the allelochemicals exerted by the invader, Lupinus polyphyllus . Lupinus polyphyllus produces allelochemicals which potentially act as a novel, strong selective agent on A.?sylvestris . We grew A.?sylvestris seedlings collected from uninvaded (na?ve) and invaded (experienced) sites growing alone and in competition with L.?polyphyllus in pots filled with soil with and without activated carbon. Because activated carbon absorbs allelochemicals, its addition should improve especially na?ve A.?sylvestris performance in the presence of the invader. To distinguish the allelochemicals absorption and fertilizing effects of activated carbon, we grew plants also in a mixture of soil and fertilizer. A common garden experiment indicated that the performances of na?ve and experienced A.?sylvestris seedlings did not differ when grown with L.?polyphyllus . The addition of activated carbon, which reduces interference by allelochemicals, did not induce differences in their performances although it had a positive effect on the aboveground biomass of A.?sylvestris . Together, these results suggest that na?ve and experienced A.?sylvestris plants tolerated equally the invader L.?polyphyllus and thus the tolerance has not occurred over the course of invasion.
机译:入侵者例如通过争夺资源或使用新型武器,对居住物种施加新的选择压力。研究表明,新型武器有助于入侵,但尚不清楚与入侵者同时存在的本地物种是否已经适应了这些新型武器的耐受性。那些能够适应新选择剂的常住物种可能与入侵者同时发生,而其他物种则面临局部灭绝的风险。我们进行了一项析因性普通花园实验,以研究原生植物物种澳洲樟子松是否能够对入侵者羽扇豆所产生的化感物质产生更大的耐受性。多叶羽扇豆产生的化感物质可能对樟脑草具有新颖,强效的选择性作用。我们从单独生长的未侵害(幼稚)和受侵害(经历过)的地点收集的樟子松幼苗生长,并与装有和不带有活性炭的土壤盆中的多叶落叶松竞争。由于活性炭吸收化感物质,因此在入侵者的存在下,其添加应特别提高初生樟脑的性能。为了区分活性炭的化感物质吸收和施肥效果,我们还在土壤和肥料的混合物中种植了植物。一项常见的花园实验表明,与多叶紫花苜蓿一起生长时,幼稚和有经验的樟子松幼苗的性能没有差异。活性炭的添加虽然能对樟子松地上生物量产生积极影响,但可以减少化感物质的干扰,但不会引起性能差异。总之,这些结果表明,幼稚的和有经验的樟子松植物均能耐受入侵的多叶李斯特菌,因此在入侵过程中并未出现耐受性。

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