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Historic hybridization and introgression between two iconic Australian anemonefish and contemporary patterns of population connectivity

机译:两只澳大利亚标志性银海鱼之间的历史性杂交和渗入与当代人口连通性模式

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AbstractEndemic species on islands are considered at risk of extinction for several reasons, including limited dispersal abilities, small population sizes, and low genetic diversity. We used mitochondrial DNA (D-Loop) and 17 microsatellite loci to explore the evolutionary relationship between an endemic anemonefish, Amphiprion mccullochi (restricted to isolated locations in subtropical eastern Australia) and its more widespread sister species, A. akindynos. A mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) phylogram showed reciprocal monophyly was lacking for the two species, with two supported groups, each containing representatives of both species, but no shared haplotypes and up to 12 species, but not location-specific management units (MUs). Population genetic analyses suggested evolutionary connectivity among samples of each species (mtDNA), while ecological connectivity was only evident among populations of the endemic, A. mccullochi. This suggests higher dispersal between endemic anemonefish populations at both evolutionary and ecological timeframes, despite separation by hundreds of kilometers. The complex mtDNA structure results from historical hybridization and introgression in the evolutionary past of these species, validated by msat analyses (NEWHYBRIDS, STRUCTURE, and DAPC). Both species had high genetic diversities (mtDNA h 0.90, π= 4.0%; msat genetic diversity, gd 0.670). While high gd and connectivity reduce extinction risk, identifying and protecting populations implicated in generating reticulate structure among these species should be a conservation priority.
机译:摘要岛屿上的特有物种被认为具有灭绝的危险,原因有几个,包括分散能力有限,种群规模小和遗传多样性低。我们使用线粒体DNA(D-Loop)和17个微卫星基因座探索地方性海葵鱼Amphiprion mccullochi(仅限于亚热带东部的偏远地区)与其更广泛的姊妹物种A. akindynos之间的进化关系。线粒体DNA(mtDNA)系统进化图表明,这两个物种缺乏相互的单亲,有两个受支持的群体,每个群体都包含两个物种的代表,但没有共有的单倍型,最多有12个物种,但没有特定位置的管理单位(MU)。种群遗传学分析表明,每种物种(mtDNA)样品之间的进化连通性,而生态连通性仅在地方性麦兜菌(A. mccullochi)种群中很明显。这表明,尽管相距数百公里,但在进化和生态时期,地方性海葵鱼种群之间的扩散程度更高。复杂的mtDNA结构是由这些物种的进化史和过去的杂交所导致的,并通过msat分析(NEWHYBRIDS,STRUCTURE和DAPC)进行了验证。两种物种都有很高的遗传多样性(mtDNA h> 0.90,π= 4.0%; msat遗传多样性,gd> 0.670)。尽管高gd和连通性降低了灭绝的风险,但在这些物种中识别和保护与产生网状结构有关的种群应作为保护重点。

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