Design and CFD Analysis of Bifurcation of Pelton Turbine Hydraulic Losses and Provoke Velocity for the Nozzle

摘要

Pelton turbines are a type of hydraulic turbine in which energy carried by water are converted into kinetic energy through nozzles at the end of the distributer. The performance of this turbine depends on many factors, about which distributer plays a major components on its performance. Hence, this paper attempts to study the effect of different parameters of the distributer such as the bending radius, split angle, the length and diameter of the distributer and the joint of the distributer on the performance characteristics of the Pelton turbine. The design of the distributer has been ascertain with the flow rate of 0.07 m3/s, with the total head of 50 m and 138170 mm as diameter. The detail numerical analysis has been determined and real time simulations of the design has been performed by CATIA V5 and Ansys Fluent. The results obtained from the numerical simulation with respect to static pressure, velocity magnitude, and velocity vectors were plotted for all models. The comparison analysis made on the models were based on the colour magnitude on the legend bar of velocity and pressure. From the simulation it has been concluded that, when the diameter of the distributer increase results showed reduction of head losses. However, increasing the diameter of the distributer increase the cost of the pipe and decreases the hydraulic energy inside the nozzle, which affects the flow performance of the turbine, hence an optimal diameter of 142 mm has been ascertain with the above design specifications. Further the optimum split angle and the length of the distributer were analysed and discussed.