Effective electrodisinfection of Bacillus subtilis spores with low energy consumption was achieved at room temperature through the synergistic interaction effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) (mgL ) and 3 ethanol (molL ), voltage applied (V), pH, and reaction time. B. subtilis (10 spores mL ) were eliminated with an energy saving of nearly 85% at 0.68 Wh at 4 mgL NaF and 0.4 molL ethanol,2 using 20 cm stainless steel electrodes in a batch reactor containing 200 mL of tap water. Lower3 energy consumption was achieved on the removal of B. subtilis spores (10 mL ) at pH 7.2 after 60min. No B. subtilis spores appeared in colony growth assays following water treatment with 0.05 Aand 7 V at neutral pH for this duration. The optimization of treatment parameters allowed for theprediction of B. subtilis spore removal in concert with process selectivity according to energyconstraints. This study reveals a promising solution to low-cost B. subtilis spore removal withoutgenerating sludge or changing water quality.
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