This paper provides a comprehensive overview of critical developments in the field of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems. The state of the art in single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) and multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) communications is presented, highlighting the key aspects of these technologies. Both open-loop and closed-loop SU-MIMO systems are discussed in this paper with particular emphasis on the data rate maximization aspect of MIMO. A detailed review of various MU-MIMO uplink and downlink techniques then follows, clarifying the underlying concepts and emphasizing the importance of MU-MIMO in cellular communication systems. This paper also touches upon the topic of MU-MIMO capacity as well as the promising convex optimization approaches to MIMO system design.
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