Comparison between F2 hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their parents based on heterosis assessment

摘要

As wheat Tritium aestivum L. is the most important crop and among the major three cereal crops that provides 20 % of the total energy requirement in human food a comparison between six F2 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is very encouraged to improve wheat yield and qualities. The main goal was to select hybrids according to their heterosis estimations. The methodology of our study is focused on crosses obtained with their respective parents, layed out and evaluated in a randomized complete block. Morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters have been measured. Heterosis are estimated using mid and high parent measurements. Results show that overall heterosis are noticed for plant height, last internodes length, number of grains per spike, leaf area, number of spikes per m2 and grain yield. Five hybrids had values above the mid-parent. So, hybrid vigor displayed a marked trend with regard to the variables studied. These hybrids have acquired and maintained a level of higher hybrid vigor in F2 than the mid-parent. Thus, we agreed with several authors for using F2 or F3 hybrids, given difficulties in obtaining F1 hybrids. In general our results about comparison between F2 hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their parents based on heterosis assessment may provide more useful information for long term improvement in yield and qualities. At the end we recommend identifying the relationship between heterosis and genetic distance based on SSR markers.