Use of Some Plant Essential Oils as Post-harvest Botanical Fungicides in the Management of Anthracnose Disease of Mango Fruits (Mangi Feraindica L.) Caused by Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides (Penz)

摘要

Mango suffers from several diseases at all stages of its life. Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gleosporioides is the most important post harvest disease of mango. The aim of this study was to test the possibility of the use of some plant essential oils i.e. Basel oil (Ocimum basilicum ), Orange oil (Citrus sinensis), Lemon oil (Citrus Medica) and Mustard oil (Brassica juncea L.) to reduce postharvest losses induced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) in mango fruits. In this study, the antifungal activity of essential oils under in vitro condition were assayed by tested various concentrations (0, 50,100 and 150μg/ml)) and under in vivo condition by used different essential oil concentrations (0, 250,500 and 1000ppm) on inoculated mango fruits. Results of the present study showed that orange oil at all tested concentrations were a significant reducing the fungal linear growth if compared with other tested essential oils. At low concentration 50 (μg/ml) orange oil caused 10.0% reduction in fungal growth, while at 100 (μg/ml) caused 72.2% and at high tested concentration 150 (μg/ml) caused a complete reduction in mycelium linear growth of pathogenic fungus. Meanwhile, at low tested concentration 50 (μg/ml), mustard oil caused a highly significantly reduction of the percentage of fungal spore germination by 70.8 % followed by basil oil by 64.7%. Results of in vivo studies showed that, at low concentration 250 ppm, mustard oil caused a highly reduction of anthracnose incidence of mango fruits by 79.9% followed by basil oil with 66.7% .On the other hand, orange and lemon oil at low concentration (250ppm) were showed a highly effect to reducing the percentage of rotting fruit tissue by 84.5 and 75.0%, respectively if compared with other treatments and un-treated fruits.