Characterization of exo-s, exo-u, and alg virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from migratory Egyptian vultures from India

摘要

Emerging resistance to multiple antimicrobial compounds and the spread of nosocomial infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is able to thrive in a variety of ecological niches (1), are areas of alarming concerns. Birds can be infected by bacteria originating from human and animal sources and could also be potential reservoirs and disseminators of pathogens (2), including P. aeruginosa. In parts of Asia, livestock carcasses are a major food source for scavenging raptors and could potentially be a source for infectious agents and antimicrobial resistant bacteria to these birds. Avian mobility and migration could affect the spatial distribution of pathogens and should be regarded as a potential crucial epidemiological factor for certain pathogens (3). P. aeruginosa can cause pathogenicity in raptors (4), thereby constituting a potential threat to populations of endangered raptors. With this in mind, this study was planned to investigate the occurrence, multiple antimicrobial resistance, and characterization of three virulence markers of P. aeruginosa in the fecal matter of migratory Egyptian vultures (Neophron p. percnopterus) wintering at a carcass dump.