Calculated and Experimental Regularities of Cloud Microstructure Formation and Evolution

摘要

Based on the model of regular condensation it was found that at low concentrations of CN (LC mode) at a height of about 10 m from the condensation level narrow spectra of cloud drop are formed. Their dispersion quickly decreases with increasing height. For high concentrations (HC mode) broad spectra are formed immediately due to the absence of separation into growing drops and CN covered with water. The process of spectra evolution is conducted at a constant height results, in all the cases, in the appearance of asymptotic spectra with a relative width rb ≥ 0.215. To approximate these calculated asymptotic spectra, the modified gamma-distribution with the fixed parameter α = 3 and a variable parameter γ are most suitable. For the intermediate spectra applicable are the simpler mirror-transformed known distributions. The comparison of the above distributions with the experimental spectra of a fog artificially formed in the Big Aerosol Chamber (BAC) of RPA “Typhoon” and the spectra of the morning fog and super cooled stratiform clouds demonstrated their good agreement. The phenomenon of multimodal spectra formation at a sharp rise of stratiform clouds with the velocity more than 0.1 - 0.3 m/s was theoretically shown and experimentally confirmed. The effect of CN high concentrations, evolution processes and sharp fluctuations of vertical velocities on the formation of cloud spectra observed in nature is discussed.