Comparison of slant open-path flux gradient and static closed chamber techniques to measure soil Nsub2/subO emissions

摘要

Improving direct field measurement techniques to quantify gas emissions from cropped agricultural fields is challenging. We compared nitrous oxide ( Nsub2/subO ) emissions measured with static closed chambers to those from a newly developed aerodynamic flux gradient (FG) approach. Measurements were made at a vegetable farm following chicken manure application. The FG calculations were made with a single open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometer (height of 1.45?m) deployed in a slant-path configuration, sequentially aimed at retro reflectors at heights of 0.8 and 1.8?m above ground. Hourly emissions were measured with the FG technique, but once a day between 10:00 and 13:00 with chambers. We compared the concurrent emission ratios (FG ∕ chamber) of these two techniques and found Nsub2/subO emission rates from a celery crop farm measured at midday by FG were statistically higher (1.22–1.40 times) than those from the chambers measured at the same time. Our results suggest the OP-FTIR slant-path FG configuration worked well in this study: it was sufficiently sensitive to detect the Nsub2/subO gradients over our site, giving high temporal resolution Nsub2/subO emissions corresponding to a large measurement footprint.