Influence of phenylethylammonium iodide as additive in the formamidinium tin iodide perovskite on interfacial characteristics and charge carrier dynamics

摘要

A combined electrical and time-resolved optical investigation of the perovskite formamidinium tin iodide (FASnIsub3/sub) and its phenylethylammonium (PEA) derivative PEAsub0.08/subFAsub0.92/subSnIsub3/sub, which recently achieved a power conversion efficiency of 9%, is presented to study the specifics of contact characteristics and charge carrier dynamics. Microstructured gold electrode arrays were used to investigate the charge transport across a metal-perovskite interface and through micrometers of the perovskite films. Symmetrical contact configuration enabled detailed polarization studies. Hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics and a corresponding current-time behavior indicated limitations by charge transfer in the contacts. Hysteresis was less pronounced in PEAsub0.08/subFAsub0.92/subSnIsub3/sub compared with FASnIsub3/sub. This is explained by a 2-dimensional interlayer at the contacts, which leads to decreased field-induced migration of ions at the contact. Carrier recombination in the bulk of FASnIsub3/sub films, however, was only slightly modified by the presence of PEA. Femtosecond broadband transient absorption experiments up to 1.5 ns provided rate constants for the Auger and bimolecular recombination processes in FASnIsub3/sub of k sub3/sub = 1 × 10sup?29/sup cmsup6/sup ssup?1/sup and k sub2/sub = 3.1 × 10sup?10/sup cmsup3/sup ssup?1/sup, respectively. In PEAsub0.08/subFAsub0.92/subSnIsub3/sub, no significant differences in k sub2/sub and an only slightly increased k sub3/sub = 2 × 10sup?29/sup cmsup6/sup ssup?1/sup were measured. In extension to previous photoluminescence studies, we found efficient cooling of hot carriers by coupling to optical phonons ( τ subcop/sub = 0.5 ps), which is even faster than in lead perovskites.