Non-target lepidopteran species in pheromone traps baited with attractants for several tortricid moths

摘要

The aim of this paper is to present the non-target species caught in the traps baited with synthetic pheromones of the species Cydia pomonella, Grapholita funebrana, Grapholita molesta, Archips podana, Adoxophyes orana, Tortrix viridana and Gravitarmata margarotana, in the frame of some experiments conducted during the years 1989-1990 in order to identify sexual attractants for the main conophagous Lepidoptera in Romania. At the same time we assessed the selectivity of these products and identified the compounds which could be used as sexual attractants for different tortricid species. Deploying pheromone traps in coniferous mature tree stands or seed orchards having in their neighbourhood fruit trees or deciduous forests, only 5 reference species and 30 non-target species have been caught , 23 of them being tortricid moths. The selectivity (specificity) of the used synthetic pheromones was rather low. However, this should not be a problem in the current works accomplished with atraPOM, atraPOD, atraRET and atraVIR products, because the species attracted are quite easily distinguished using morphological characteristics. On the other hand, the people using atraFUN and atraMOL pheromones could have insurmountable difficulties to establish the abundance of target species and other aspects, because these pheromones attract moths of G. funebrana, G. molesta and Grapholita tenebrosana which have a very similar appearance. Consequently, the possibilities of pheromone specificity improvement are analyzed. The mixture of Z9-12Ac + E11-14Ac + Z11-14Ac + n-12Ac + n-14Ac (5:2:3:3:1) attracted the species Cnephasia alticolana, Pammene suspectana, Retinia perangustana, Retinia resinella and Enarmonia formosana, while Z8-12Ac + E8-12Ac + 12OH (0.970:0.030:3 and 0.930:0.070:3 respectively) attracted moths belonging to R. perangustana, Hedya dimidiana, Grapholita tenebrosana and Epiblema scutulana. The males of Eucosma campoliliana and Hedya salicella responded to E8,E10-12OH and those of C. alticolana responded also to the blends Z11-14Ac + E11-14Ac (1:1) and Z9-14Ac + Z11-14Ac (6:4), but Cnephasia stephensiana was attracted by Z11-14Ac, like Dichelia histrionana. However, the last mentioned species is stronger attracted by the mixture of Z11-14Ac + Z9-12Ac (relative ratio 4:6). Keywords: Lepidoptera, non-target species, sexual attractants, synthetic pheromones, pheromone selectivity, tortricids