Pesticide Sorption to Soilless Media Components Used for Ornamental Plant Production and Aluminum Water Treatment Residuals

摘要

Commercial producers of containerized ornamental plants almost exclusively use soilless media as the substrate for growing the plants. Soilless media are composed primarily of organic materials as opposed to mineral soils. Significant amounts of pesticides can leach from pots containing soilless media to which pesticides have been added as drenches or top-dressings. One of the goals of this project was to identify whether individual components comprising soilless media have differing affinities for the pesticides acephate, imidacloprid, metalaxyl, and plant growth regulator paclobutrazol. One-point 24 h equilibrium sorption assays were conducted to characterize sorption of the pesticides to sand, perlite, vermiculite, coir, peat, pine bark, and aluminum-water treatment residuals (Al-WTRs). Five-point isotherms were then constructed for the more sorptive peat and pine bark substrate components, and for the Al-WTRs. Results indicated significant differences in pesticide behavior with each substrate. Sorption of acephate to most of the substrate components was relatively low, comprising 21–31% of the initial amounts for soilless media components and 63% in Al-WTRs. Al-WTRs were highly sorptive for imidacloprid as evidenced by a partition coefficient of KF = 3275.4 L kg–1. Pine bark was the most sorptive for metalaxyl-M with a measured KF = 195.0 L kg–1. Peat had the highest affinity for paclobutrazol (KF = 398.4 L kg–1). These results indicate that none of component of soilless media has a universally high attraction for all of the pesticides studied.