The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variability of a Brazilian cultivar of crambe, as well as to estimate the genetic gain, with selection focusing on grain yield in crambe. Eighty two progenies were selected within the FMS Brilhante cultivar in 2009. The progenies were evaluated in 2010 and 2011 in Botucatu and S?￡o Manuel, Sao Paulo State, with the FMS Brilhante used as control. Great genetic variability was verified in all of the characteristics studied. Significant interactions of progenies x location and progenies x year were observed based on the joint analysis. The genetic gain for the grain yield ranged from 9.3 to 48.9% on the individual analysis and ranged from 6.6 to 21.4% on the joint analysis. The selection used in the base plant population of FMS Brilhante was efficient to increase grain yield in crambe.
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