Electrochemical Techniques for Subsecond Neurotransmitter Detection in Live Rodents

摘要

Alterationsinneurotransmissionhavebeenimplicatedinnumerousneurodegenerativeandneuropsychiatricdisorders,includingAlzheimerdisease,Parkinsondisease,epilepsy,andschizophrenia.Unfortunately,fewtechniquessupportthemeasurementofreal-timechangesinneurotransmitterlevelsovermultipledays,asisessentialforethologicandpharmacodynamictesting.Microdialysisiscommonlyusedfortheseresearchparadigms,butitspoortemporalandspatialresolutionmakethistechniqueinadequateformeasuringtherapiddynamics(millisecondstoseconds)offastsignalingneurotransmitters,suchasglutamateandacetylcholine.Enzymaticmicroelectrodearrays(biosensors)coupledwithelectrochemicalrecordingtechniqueshavedemonstratedfasttemporalresolution(lessthan1s),excellentspatialresolution(micron-scale),lowdetectionlimits(#8804;200nM),andminimaldamage(50to100#956;m)tosurroundingbraintissue.Herewediscussthebenefits,methods,andanimalwelfareconsiderationsofusingplatinummicroelectrodesonaceramicsubstrateforenzyme-basedelectrochemicalrecordingtechniquesforreal-timeinvivoneurotransmitterrecordingsinbothanesthetizedandawake,freelymovingrodents.