Use of Low-dose Chlorpromazine in Conjunction with Environmental Enrichment to Eliminate Self-injurious Behavior in a Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta)

摘要

A7-year-old,captive-bred,femalerhesusmacaquewasplacedinaquarantinefacilityuponarrivalatourinstitution.Atreleasefromquarantine,shewasobservedpawingatandchewingonherleftcheek.Physicalexaminationrevealedulcerativelesionsonthebuccalsurfaceoftheleftcheek.InitialdifferentialdiagnosesincludedCercopithecineherpesvirus1(Bvirus)-inducedlesionsandbacterialinfection.Dentalabnormalitiesandcheekpouchforeignbodywereruledoutduringthephysicalexam.Treatmentwith30mg/kgcefazolinintramuscularlyevery12hwasinitiated.Twelvedayslater,theanimalpresentedwitha2×2-cm,full-thicknesserosioninvolvingtheopposite(right)cheek.Treatmentwithbuprenorphine(0.1mg/kgintramuscularlyevery24h)wasinitiated.CulturesforBviruswerenegative,andonlynonpathogenicbacteriawereisolatedfromswabsofthelesions.Hematologyandserumchemistryprofileswerenormal.Awedgebiopsyofthelesionrevealednodefinitiveetiology.Furtherobservationrevealedthatthelesionslikelyresultedfromself-injuriousbehavior(SIB).Treatmentwithlow-dosechlorpromazine(1mg/kgintramuscularlyoncedailyfor25days,andthen0.5mg/kgintramuscularlyoncedailyfor25days)wasinitiated.Bodyweightandconditionweremaintainedduringtherapy,andserialhematologyandserumchemistryprofileswerenormal.Theanimalwasmovedintoadifferentroom,andatoy#8220;necklace#8221;wascreated.TheSIBwaseliminated,andlesionshealedwithin35days.Presently,20monthsafterpresentation,thisanimalremainsingoodhealth.