Oil Recovery from Petroleum Sludge by Solvent Extraction Method

摘要

Industries developed during the last decades and the importance of oil is increasing. Petroleum is one of the most valuable non-renewable sources and it also, has the biggest effects on the environments after coal. Crude oil became the goal of many countries in order to increase their economies income, despite the outcome that has towards the environment. The crude oil that passes through the refinery process produces a large amount of waste, which is call petroleum sludge. The sludge has countless disadvantage that cause environmental hazards due to its remediation effects. In addition, it is very valuable energy and it can be recovered. So the companies used several methods in order to use this source and get benefit from it. One of the methods is the solvent extraction method and overall, this method can decrease the effect of the petroleum sludge on the environment but not that much. However, it can recover the waste and turn it to useful energy. The recovery can be done by different steps. The first step is making chemical compositions before using the instruments. Second step is to use the centrifuge machine which will separate the sludge and recover it into oil, sludge sediment and water. The third part is to use the residual carbon machine which will measure the solidcontent inside the sludge and it will help us to find the violate and non-violate hydrocarbons. Finally using the GC which is gas chromatography that checks the quality of the petrol and also the composition substance.